CORA BAGLEY MARRETT
CORA BAGLEY MARRETT (1942– ) is a professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin, where she has held tenure since 1974. Her masters and Ph.D. degrees were earned at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. From 1992 to 1996 she was assistant director for social, behavioral, and economic sciences at the National Science Foundation. She was also appointed to the Board of Governors of the Argonne National Laboratory to serve from 1996 to 1998 and is a member of a peer-review oversight group for the National Institutes of Health serving from 1996 to 1998.
LaSALLE D. LEFFALL, JR.
LaSALLE D. LEFFALL, JR. (1930– ), is professor and chairman of the Department of Surgery at Howard University. A noted surgeon and oncologist, he has served as president of several national organizations, including the American Cancer Society, the Society of Surgical Oncology, and the Society of Surgical Chairmen. His other positions of national prominence include membership on the National Cancer Advisory Board and the American Board of Surgery. In 1983 Dr. Leffall became secretary of the American College of Surgeons. Among his numerous honors are the Presidential Award from the D.C. Chapter, American College of Surgeons; the James Ewing Medal of the Society of Surgical Oncology; the Charles R. Drew Medal, Drew Postgraduate Medical School; and four honorary degrees. In 1973 Dr. Leffall was elected to membership in the Institute of Medicine.
ERNEST E. JUST
ERNEST E. JUST (1883–1941) was a marine biologist. In 1909 Dr. Just began his research on the embryological resources of marine animals at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. His study of the process of fertilization in marine invertebrates and of the fundamental role of the cell surface in the development of organisms made him a leading authority on marine biology. A professor of zoology, Dr. Just wrote extensively in his field. Two outstanding works are Basic Methods for Experiments on Eggs of Marine Animals and The Biology of the Cell Surface, both published in 1939.
PERCY L. JULIAN
PERCY L. JULIAN (1899–1975) was a research chemist whose trail-blazing research in uses for soybeans resulted in the development of a multiplicity of new products, the most important of which are low-cost drugs and hormones. He devised an inexpensive cortisone, used in the treatment of arthritis, from soybean sterols. His research led to the manufacture in quantity of the hormones testosterone and progesterone. Among his many "firsts" in the field of steroids was his synthesis of the drug physostigmine, used to treat glaucoma. Dr. Julian was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
SHIRLEY A. JACKSON
SHIRLEY A. JACKSON (1946– ), a theoretical physicist, became in 1973 the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After conducting research at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and at the European Center for Nuclear Research, Dr. Jackson joined AT&T Bell Laboratories, where her research work is concentrated on theoretical material sciences. She has made important contributions to several areas of physics and, for her work, was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She served as chair of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission from 1995 to 1999, when she was appointed as President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
DONALD R. HOPKINS
DONALD R. HOPKINS (1941– ), a recognized authority on domestic and international health, is a leader in the global eradication of smallpox. He has chaired and served on numerous international committees on health research, immunization, and epidemiology. An educator of health professionals, Dr. Hopkins long has been associated with the Harvard School of Public Health and Morehouse School of Medicine. He received the Medal of Excellence from the Centers for Disease Control and was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 1987.
JOHN L.S. HOLLOMAN, JR.
JOHN L.S. HOLLOMAN, JR. (1919–), is a medical administrator. In Dr. Hollo-man’s extensive teaching and public health career, he has served as professor of public health and health administration at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, as a consultant to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and on the staff of the Subcommittee on Health of the House Committee on Ways and Means of the U.S. Congress. His posts have included the presidency of the New York City Health and Hospital Corporation and of the National Medical Association as well as the national chairmanship of the Medical Committee for Human Rights. Dr. Holloman is medical director of the W. F. Ryan Community Health Center in New York City.
W. LINCOLN HAWKINS
W. LINCOLN HAWKINS (1911–1992), a pioneer in chemical engineering and the uses of plastics, was a leader in discovering the factors limiting the life of plastics and in developing life-extending additives as a practical means for conservation of materials. His work led to the invention of the synergistic system of chemical stabilization used throughout the world in the manufacture of plastic cable sheath. Dr. Hawkins’ research was of significant importance in developing ways to recycle plastics. In 1975 he was elected to membership in the National Academy of Engineering.
RUBY PURYEAR HEARN
RUBY PURYEAR HEARN (1940– ) graduated from Skidmore College and then attended Yale University, where she received an M.S. and Ph.D. in biophysics. Dr. Hearn has spent most of her professional life on the staff of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the largest health care philanthropy in the United States. In her current position as senior vice president, Dr. Hearn participates in strategic program planning and as the Foundation’s liaison within the non-profit community. Dr. Hearn has had major responsibility for oversight and development of initiatives in maternal, infant, and child health; AIDS; substance abuse; and minority medical education. Dr. Hearn is a fellow of the Yale Corporation and a member of the Institute of Medicine; the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy of the National Academy of Sciences; and the Science Board of the Food and Drug Administration.
BEATRIX A. HAMBURG
BEATRIX A. HAMBURG (1923– ) is a Visiting Scholar in the Department of Psychiatry of the Cornell University College of Medicine. She has had a long career in academic medicine. She is a former President of the William T. Grant Foundation, which supports research on the development of children, adolescents, and youth, and has served on the faculties of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Stanford University School of Medicine. Dr. Hamburg received her A.B. from Vassar College and her M.D. from the Yale University School of Medicine. Dr. Hamburg is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Royal Society of Medicine, and a member of the Institute of Medicine. She has participated in many studies sponsored by the Institute of Medicine, the National Research Council, and other organizations. As a medical researcher, Dr. Hamburg is most noted for her studies of early adolescence, pioneering work on peer counseling, and studies of diabetic children and adolescents.